Soil acidity reduces base cations required for plant growth and may result in phytotoxic concentrations of soluble aluminum.Liming acidic soils is generally promoted as an effective management practice to increase soil pH, base cation concentrations, and ameliorate toxicity caused by aluminum and manganese.Through a global literature review using d
Islet transplantation may potentially cure type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).However, immune rejection, especially that induced by the alloreactive T-cell response, remains a restraining factor for the long-term survival of grafted islets.Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a negative costimulatory molecule.PD-L1 deficiency within the donor heart ac
A rich body of empirically grounded theory has developed about food webs--the networks of feeding relationships among species within habitats.However, detailed food-web data and analyses are lacking for ancient ecosystems, largely because of the low resolution of taxa coupled with uncertain and incomplete information about feeding interactions.Thes